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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1609 |
| | | Henry Hudson reaches the inlet of New York Bay and explores the river now known by his name | |
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| 1609 |
| | | Johannes Kepler, in Prague, puts forward the radical proposition that the planets move in elliptical rather than circular orbits | |
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| 1609 |
| | | Galileo improves on the Dutch telescope (and doubles his salary by presenting one to his employer) | |
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| 1609 |
| | | The Blue Mosque, commissioned by Ahmed I, begins to rise in Istanbul like a twin to the nearby Santa Sophia | |
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| 1609 |
| | | A law is passed expelling the Moriscos from Spain, with the result that some 300,000 are shipped to north Africa | |
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| 1609 |
| | | Castaways from an English vessel reach Bermuda, which becomes the first British island in the new world | |
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| 1609 |
| | | News sheets published in Augsburg and Strasbourg become the first known newspapers | |
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| 1609 |
| | | Shakespeare's sonnets, written ten years previously, are published | |
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| c. 1610 |
| | | A flintlock designed in France (possibly by Marin Le Bourgeoys) becomes the standard firing mechanism for muskets | |
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| 1610 |
| | | Galileo, with his new powerful telescope, observes the moons of Jupiter and spots moving on the surface of the sun | |
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| 1610 |
| | | Henry IV is assassinated in a Paris street by a Roman Catholic, François Ravaillac | |
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| 1610 |
| | | After the assassination of Henry IV, his wife Marie de Médicis becomes regent for the 9-year-old Louis XIII | |
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| 1611 |
| | | Henry Hudson, after wintering in Hudson Bay, is set adrift in an open boat by his mutinous crew | |
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| c. 1611 |
| | | Shakespeare's last completed play, The Tempest, is performed | |
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| 1612 |
| | | The establishment of a Baptist church in London is a defining moment for the Baptist sect within Christianity | |
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| 1613 |
| | | Galileo publishes his evidence, from sun spots, proving Copernicus right and Ptolemy wrong on the solar system | |
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| 1613 |
| | | Michael Romanov is elected tsar, beginning a new dynasty on the Russian throne | |
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| 1613 |
| | | The Globe catches fire during a performance of Shakespeare's last play, Henry VIII | |
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| 1613 |
| | | The British East India establishes a 'factory' (a secure warehouse for the storing of Indian goods) at Surat, on the west coast | |
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| 1613 |
| | | The American Indian princess Pocahontas is taken hostage by Jamestown colonists in the first Anglo-Powhatan war | |
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| 1614 |
| | | An edict is passed expelling Jesuit missionaries from Japan, and ordering their converts to revert to Buddhism | |
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| 1614 |
| | | Pocahontas is baptized a Christian and marries John Rolfe, one of the Jamestown colonists | |
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| 1615 |
| | | Sir Thomas Roe, the first British ambassador to India, arrives at the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir | |
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| c. 1615 |
| | | The Mughal school of painting reaches a peak of perfection in the reign of Jahangir | |
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| 1616 |
| | | Richelieu begins his public career, becoming a secretary of state to Marie de Médicis | |
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| 1616 |
| | | Pocahontas fascinates Londoners when she arrives with her husband to publicize Jamestown | |
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| 1616 |
| | | John Smith publishes A Description of New England, an account of his exploration of the region in 1614 | |
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| 1616 |
| | | William Shakespeare dies at New Place, his home in Stratford-upon-Avon, and is buried in Holy Trinity Church | |
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| 1617 |
| | | The treaty of Stolbova brings into Swedish hands the coast round the Gulf of Finland, ending Russian access to the Baltic | |
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| 1617 |
| | | Albrecht von Wallenstein uses his wife's fortune to mobilize a private army in support of the emperor Ferdinand II | |
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| 1618 |
| | | Bohemian nobles throw the Habsburg regents out of a window in the castle in Prague, thus triggering the Thirty Years' War | |
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| 1618 |
| | | The Teatro Farnese in Parma is the first to have a proscenium arch, framing perspective scenery painted on flat wings | |
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